Тренировочные упражнения "Present Tenses". Упражнения на времена группы Present – настоящие времена в английском Упражнения на perfect tenses в английском

Сегодня мы займемся отработкой времен группы Present. Предлагаю вам упражнения на времена группы Present с ответами. Для того, чтобы повторить настоящие времена в английском, вы можете прочесть следующие статьи:

Для отработки каждого из настоящих времен английского языка можете использовать следующие статьи:

Также обратите внимания на следующие материалы:

Настоящее время в английском - упражнения.

Ну что же, переходим к упражнениям по 4 настоящим временам английского языка.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребив одно из настоящих времен.

1. What time _____________ (the meeting/end)?
2. Tomorrow I _____________ (fly) to Moscow to visit my aunt Sally.
3. Right now he _______ (talk) on the phone.
4. The Earth __________ (go) round the Sun.
5. I _________ (look) for my camera for an hour.
6. Could you close the window? I _____________ (freeze)
7. The man __________ (paint) the walls all day long.
8. The coffee ___________ (smell) good.
9. At the moment we ___________ (take) a walk around a beautiful village.
10. We _____________ (not/finish) our history project yet.
11. Kim _____________ (never/be) abroad.
12. School always _______ (close) for Easter holidays.
13. I’m exhausted. I _____________ (train) my stomach muscles all morning.
14. What _____________ (usually/you/do) in your free time?
15. Look! Your mum ____________ (water) tomatoes in the vegetable garden.

Упражнение 2. Choose the right variant.

1 The boy ___________his homework and now he _________-TV.

a) already has done, watches

b) already does, has watched

c) has already done, is watching

2. They___________ about Russian traditions since the beginning of the lesson.

a) have been talking

3. This is the best conference I ________.

b) have ever been to

c) ever have been to it

4. The postman usually __________ at 9 in the morning. It is half past 9 now but he ___________

a) comes, has not come yet

b) comes, has not been coming

c) is coming, has not come yet

5. They__________ the walls and they ___________nice.

a) have painting, are looking

b) have painted, look

c) have been painting, look

6. The economic situation in the world is already bad and it __________worse.

Упражнение 3. Use Present Simple, Present Continuous or Present Perfect.

It (1) _________ (be) time since my last letter to you. I (2) ____________ (still/work) at ABS and the company (3) _____________ (do well). This is very fortunate as many of my friends (4) ___________ (lose) their jobs. Our savings (5) _____________ (take) a disastrous dive because of the economy. I (6) ____________ (know) the situation everywhere is difficult and I (7) __________ (be) happy I still have a job. My friend Michael and his wife Georgia (8) ______________ (now, live) in Virginia. Michael (9) ______________ (finish) studying massage therapy. He (10) __________ (run) a small clinic in partnership with another woman. He and Georgia (11) _____________ (look) for a full-time job, though, as they (12) _____________ (lose) money also. As I say, many people (13) __________ (have) a hard time now.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения на русский, используя одно из настоящих времен английского языка.

1. Он смотрит телевизор с самого утра.
2. Завтра у меня урок английского в 8:00.
3. Воздух в городе становится все более и более грязным.
4. Я потерял кошелек.
5. Её волосы грязные. Она красила дом весь день.
6. Ты постоянно что-то теряешь!
7. Ты пишешь сочинение уже два часа.
8. Я хожу в бассейн три раза в неделю.
9. Папа чинит машину с самого утра.
10. Он сломал ногу.

Ответы к упражнениям.

1 does the meeting end, 2 am flying, 3 is talking, 4 goes, 5 have been looking, 6 am freezing, 7 has been painting, 8 smells, 9 are taking, 10 have not finished, 11 has never been, 12 closes, 13 have been training, 14 do you usually do, 15 is watering

1 c, 2 a, 3 b, 4 a, 5 b, 6 a

1 has been, 2 am still working, 3 is doing, 4 have lost, 5 have taken, 6 know, 7 am, 8 are living, 9 has finished, 10 is running, 11 are looking, 12 have lost, 13 are having

1. He has been watching TV since the very morning.
2. Tomorrow I have English class at 8:00.
3. The air in the city is becoming more and more dirty.
4. I have lost my wallet.
5. Her hair is dirty. She has been painting the house the whole day.
6. You are always losing something!
7. You have been writing an essay for two hours.
8. I go to the pool three times a week.
9. My father has been repairing the car since morning.
10. He has broken his leg.

Надеюсь, эти упражнения помогли вам систематизировать употребление времен группы Present.

1. build
   a) Look at this concert hall! They ... it recently.
   b) They ... most of the cathedrals before others came to their land.
2. be married
   a) By the time their first baby was born, my friends ... for 5 years already.
   b) I ... never ... .
3. know
   a) Last week I was introduced to George. I ... him before.
   b) Michael is a cool guy. I ... him for ages.
4. work
   a) When my father was promoted to a senior position, he ... at the factory for 20 years.
   b) I ... with her since my first day in this company.
5. leave
   a) Mary ... just ... the office.
   b) By the time the bell rang, everyone ... already ... .

Задание 2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильном времени – Present Perfect или Past Perfect.

1. Mary and John are such a lovely couple. I ... always ... them. (like)
2. My aunt is in poor health. She ... in hospital since Monday. (be)
3. Parents ... to their children before the party, so they behaved quite well. (talk)
4. I didn"t introduce Katie and Ann to each other, they ... already ... before. (meet)
5. I am going to the library to return this book. I ... it already. (read)

Задание 3. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Present Perfect или Past Perfect.

1. Его лицо было таким знакомым. Я точно видел его раньше.
2. Мы не видели Чарли с момента нашего последнего разговора.
3. Она уже была в отпуске в этом году.
4. Вчера, когда я им позвонил, они уже забронировали билеты.
5. Они никогда не были в этом ресторане. Давай пригласим их в это место!

Задание 4. Исправьте ошибки в употреблении времен. Правильные предложения отметьте словом "RIGHT".

1. This is not their first argument. They had argued before.
2. When I came back home, I realized that I had left my keys at work.
3. Your son has grown so much since last time I saw him.
4. I hadn"t visited this place since last time I was there.
5. Yesterday when I knocked on their door, nobody opened it. They have gone out already.

Ответы

Задание 1.

1. a) have built
   b) had built
2. a) had been married
   b) have never been married
3. a) hadn"t known
   b) have known
4. a) had worked
   b) have worked
5. a) has just left
   b) had already left

Задание 2.

1. have always liked
2. has been
3. had talked
4. had already met
5. have read

Задание 3.

1. His face was so familiar. I had definitely seen him before.
2. We haven"t seen Charlie since our last conversation.
3. She has already been on holiday this year.
4. Yesterday when I called them, they had already booked the tickets.
5. They have never been to this restaurant. Let"s invite them to this place!

Задание 4.

1. have argued
2. RIGHT
3. RIGHT
4. haven"t visited
5. had gone

Как известно, времена группы Present включают в себя 4 времени глагола (tenses):

1. Present Simple Tense (уровень 2, intermediate) СКОРО
2. Present Continuous Tense (уровень 2, intermediate) СКОРО
   

В этом уроке мы рассмотрим, чем отличаются времена группы Present между собой и как они работают в активном залоге.

Упражнение (вводное). Выберите время глагола действия Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous , которое вы бы использовали для перевода на английский язык следующих предложений:

Какая характеристика у глагола-действия в предложениях 1-4?

Вы можете проверить себя –

Обратите внимание, что

Present Simple , Present Continuous and Present Perfect Continuous переводятся на русский язык настоящим временем глагола, а

Present Perfect – прошедшим временем глагола.

Итак, подведем итог:

Present Perfect отвечает на вопрос что уже сделал(а)? — I have watched the cartoon.

Present Continuous отвечает на вопрос что еще делаю? — I am watching the cartoon.

Present Perfect Continuous отвечает на вопрос что делаю в течение …? — I have been watching the cartoon for 20 minutes.

Present Simple отвечает на вопрос что обычно делаю? — I watch cartoons every day.

Времена группы Present (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous). Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Сопоставьте время глагола и временное выражение (некоторые используются дважды):

Look! ever, always, never, seldom, often, now, nowadays, usually, at the moment, yet, already, just, recently, lately, every day, on Mondays, tonight, today, always, never, regularly, sometimes, once a year, once a week, Listen! How long…? for, since, these days, still, etc

Present Simple	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Present Perfect Continuous
always,

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, чтобы получить Present Simple или Present Perfect.

1. I can’t speak about the book. I (not read) it yet.
2. Every day I (wind up) my watch at 7 o’clock in the morning.
3. It’s Friday. … you (see) him this week?
4. It’s a pity, but I (not buy) this dictionary yet.
5. As a rule, we (do) many exercises in class.
6. He (tell) this joke many times.
7. I already (translate) these sentences into French.
8. They (have) their English many hours a week.
9. She (work) much and usually (get) many good marks.
10. We (buy) a new TV set this year.

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, чтобы получить Present Simple, Present Continuous или Present Perfect.

1. I must know what you (talk) about. 2. I (be) in this country for some time. 3. He (admire) you greatly. He (see) the play three times. 4. I (not know) what Harry (tell) you. 5. I want to see how much he (change) since I (see) him last. 6. We (be) to the cinema about twice a week since then. 7. Hello, what you (do) here at this late hour? 8. I (think) you never (do) any harm to people. 9. I always (stay) at home in the evenings. 10. I (hear) you (look) for a new house.

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, чтобы получить Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous или Present Perfect.

1. Is Andy here? – I don’t know, I … (not see) him today.
2. Where … you … (go)? – To the library.
3. Would you like … (borrow) this magazine? – No, thanks. I … (read) it before.
4. Betty’s bus … (arrive) at 5 o’clock. I must go and meet her at the bus station.
5. Have you seen my record book? I … (look) for it all the morning.
6. Mike … (talk) to his friend for an hour already.
7. More and more forests … (disappear) because of fires nowadays. (Времена, уровень 3)
8. How long … you … (work) on this problem?
9. The first lesson … (not finish) at 9.45.

Упражнения для закрепления Present Simple Tense

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

My working day (begin) at 7 o’clock. I (get) up and (do) my morning exercises. It (take) me fifteen minutes. At half past seven we (have) breakfast. My father and I (leave) home at 8 o’clock. He (take) a bus to his factory. My mother (be) a doctor, she (leave) home at 9 o’clock. In the evening we (gather) together in the living room. We (watch) TV and (talk).

(USUALLY) 1. My sister (to get) up at eight o"clock. 2. She (to be) a school-girl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. 3. Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 4. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 5. After breakfast she (to go) to school. 6. It (to take) him two hours to do his homework. 7. She (to speak) French well. 8, My working day (to begin) at seven o"clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes, At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My father and I (to leave) home at eight o"clock. He (to take) a bus to his office. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o"clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living-room. We (to watch) TV and (to talk).

Упражнение 2. Образуйте отрицательную форму .

1. He goes to school every day.

2. My sister works here.

3. They eat a lot.

4. We work every day.

5. I come from Ukraine.

6. He comes from Germany.

7. They live in the USA.

8. He plays football every day.

9. I visit my parents very often.

10. His father works at an office.

11. She gets up at seven o’clock.

12. They play tennis very often.

13. We go to the cinema on Saturdays.

14. He wants to become a pilot.

15. My brother watches television every night.

16. I read newspaper every day.

17. Her father finishes his work at six o’clock.

18. Nick goes to bed at nine.

19. He goes to school by bus.

20. We skate once a week in winter.

Упражнениe 3 . Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

1. Я работаю.
2. Мы работаем.
3. Они не работают.
4. Вы работаете? - Да.
5. Он работает? - Нет. Он учится.
6. Мой брат не учится. Он работает.
7. Моя сестра не читает книг.
8. Наша бабушка любит спать на диване.
9. Вы любите отдыхать в кресле?
10. Мы едим и пьем в кухне.
11. Мой брат не любит читать газеты.
12. Мы спим в спальне.
13. Мой брат спит на диване в жилой комнате.
14. Моя сестра одевается перед зеркалом.
15. Мой дядя пишет книги.
16. Мы пишем упражнения в школе.

Упражнения для закрепления Present Progressive Tense

Упражнения 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Progressive . ( NOW )

1.My book (to lie) on the table.
2. They (to work).
3. The doctor and her patient (to talk).
4. We (to cook) dinner. My mother (to make) a salad.
5. A young man (to drive) a car. He (to listen) music.
6. My grandfather (to read) a book.
7. The pen (to lie) on the floor.
8. You (to have) a break?
9. She still (to sing).

10. The boys (to run) about in the garden.

11. I (to do) my homework.

12. John and his friends (to go) to the library.

13. Ann (to sit) at her desk. She (to study) geography.

14. A young man (to stand) at the window. He (to smoke) a cigarette.

15. The old man (to walk) about the room.

16. The dog (to lie) on the floor.

17. You (to have) a break?

18. What language you (to study)?

19. Who (to lie) on the sofa?

20. What they (to talk) about?

21. It still (to rain).

Упражнения 2. Переведите на английский язык и раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Progressive . (NOW)

1.Мы пишем. 2. Они не читают. 3. Она не работаем. 4. Вы смотрите? 5. Он не читает. 6. Они не играют на пианино. 7. Я не пеку торт. 8. Она не поет. 9. Ее сестра не спит. 10. Бабушка не пьет чай? 11. Твои друзья пьют кофе? 12. Она работает за столом. 13. Я пишу письмо. 14. Я делаю упражнение. 15. Мальчики не плавают в бассейне. 16. Они играют в футбол? 17. Моя сестра моет пол. 18. Моя подруга помогает своему ребенку. 19. Ты помогаешь папе? 20. Ученики читают интересную историю.21. Они читают книгу. 21. Она идет в школу. 22. Они читают? 23. Твоя бабушка кушает конфеты? 24. Джон готовит ужин. 25. Билл бегает в парке.

1. Я читаю. 2. Он не пишет. 3. Мы не работаем. 4. Вы читаете? 5. Он спит? 6. Ник и Майк играют в футбол. 7. Кэйт играет на рояле. 8. Она не поет. 9. Моя сестра спит. 10. Папа пьет чай? 11. Твои родители пьют чай? 12. Я не сплю. 13. Она сидит за столом. 14. Мы делаем упражнение. 15. Мы не купаемся. 16. Они игра­ют во дворе? 17. Нина и Энн моют пол. 18. Ник помогает маме. 19. Ты помогаешь папе? 20. Моя сестра читает интересную книгу. 21. Они идут в школу. 22. Вы идете в школу? 23. Он работает? 24 . Твоя бабушка идет в магазин? 25. Он поку­пает конфеты. 26. Что делает твоя сестра? 27. Где играют дети? 28. Почему ты смеешься? 29. Куда они идут? 30. Что несут эти мальчики?

Упражнения для закрепления Present Perfect Tense

Упражнение 1. Соедините части предложения из правой и левой колонок таблицы.

Lots of things have happened

you just arrived?

Hello, have

film I’ve ever seen.

He has never

for three years.

It’s the most boring

since I last wrote to you.

I haven’t smoked

driven a car before.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте слова в правильном порядке, образовав предложение.

first / driven / this / is / the / a / he / has / time / car

ever / caviar? / you / have / eaten

me / hasn’t / to / nearly / written / for / month / Jill / a

it / raining / has / yet? / stopped

Упражнение 3. Решите 5 тестов (только один ответ верный).

1. … you … all the invitation cards to your friends yet? Why are they still on the table?
a) have not/send
b) haven’t/sent
c) hadn’t/sent
d) had/send

2. Shall I wait for her until she … . Yes, only when she returns you can go home.
a) has come
b) have come
c) coming
d) comes

3. … you … good friends since childhood or you … friends recently?
a) had been/had made
b) have was/have make
c) have been/have made
d) were been/made

4. She … just graduated from university. I wonder what she’s going to do next.
a) has
b) have
c) was
d) were

5. We … a nice jacket today. There’s a clearance sale (полнаяраспродажа) on the corner.
a) had bought
b) has bought
c) buyed
d) have bought

ДЕПАРТАМЕНТ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ ПРИМОРСКОГО КРАЯ

ФИЛИАЛ КРАЕВОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТНОГО

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ

«УССУРИЙСКИЙ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

В ХАНКАЙСКОМ РАЙОНЕ

c борник упражнений для тренировки употребления времен группы « P ERFECT » по учебной дисциплине

английский язык

для студентов специальности

190631.01 «Автомеханик», 260807.01 Повар-кондитер

3 курса очного отделения

Составил: преподаватель английского языка Высоцкая Н.В.

Камень-Рыболов, 2016 г.

Perfect Tense

Группа « совершенных » времен состоит из:

Настоящего совершенного времени (Present Perfect Tense )

Будущего совершенного времени (Future Perfect Tense )

Прошедшего совершенного времени (Past Perfect Tense )

Времена группы Perfect употребляются для выражения действий, предшествующих настоящему моменту или определенному моменту в прошедшем или будущем времени.

Ex: Has the secretary come? - Пришел ли секретарь?

(Говорящего интересует результат действия has come , т.е. он хочет выяснить, здесь ли секретарь.)

3.1. Present Perfect Tense

Настоящее совершенное время - употребляется для выражения действия, совершившегося к настоящему моменту, результат которого имеется налицо в настоящем времени. Оно может выражать действие, совершившееся как непосредственно перед моментом речи, так и в более отдаленное время в прошлом.

Present Perfect переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем глагола совершенного вида, а иногда и несовершенного вида, в зависимости от смысла предложения.

Ex: I have broken my pencil. – Ясломалсвойкарандаш.

СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

№
п/п

СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ

ПРИМЕР

1

Действие, совершившееся в прошлом, но имеющее непосредственную связь с настоящим моментом. Без уточнения времени

I have written this letter. Я написал это письмо.

2

Действие, совершившееся в истекший период в настоящем (с такими словами, как today сегодня , this week на этой неделе , this month в этом месяце и т. д.)

This week I have called her twice. На этой неделе я дважды звонил ей.

I have visited him today. Сегодня я навестил его.

3

С наречиями неопределенного времени: never никогда , ever когда-либо , yet еще , already уже , lately недавно (за последние дни или месяцы), recently недавно (за последние месяцы или годы); со словом since с, с тех пор

I haven’t seen him since spring. Я не видел его с весны.

4

В придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов after после того как , if если , when когда , as soon as как только , before прежде чем вместо Future Perfect

I’ll go to the Crimea after I have taken my exams. Я поеду в Крым после того, как сдам экзамены.

5

Действие или состояние, не законченное к моменту речи (переводится настоящего времени)

I have known him for many years. Я знаю его много лет.

(Таб.1.1.)

Образование форм глагола в Present Perfect

I have eaten

Long form

Short form

Have I eaten?

I have not eaten

I haven’t eaten

You have eaten

You have not eaten

You haven’t eaten

Have you eaten?

He has eaten

He has not eaten

He hasn’t eaten

Has he eaten?

She has eaten

She has not eaten

She hasn’t eaten

Has she eaten?

It has eaten

It has not eaten

It hasn’t eaten

Has it eaten?

We have eaten

We have not eaten

We haven’t eaten

Have we eaten?

You have eaten

You have not eaten

You haven’t eaten

Have you eaten?

They have eaten

They have not eaten

They haven’t eaten

Have they eaten?

(Таб.1. 2 .)

Примечание:

1. Present Perfect to have в форме настоящего времени ( have / has ) ( Past Participle ) смыслового глагола или V 3 (правильных и неправильных глаголов);

2. Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not , которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола, затем следует ( Past Participle ) смыслового глагола или V 3.

3. В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол to have ставится перед подлежащим, затем следует ( Past Participle ) смыслового глагола или V 3.

Exercises

I. Write the past participle of the following verbs.

1. sleep _________ 2. open _________

3. find __________ 4. arrive ___________

5. give __________ 6. buy ____________

7. take __________ 8. make ___________

II. Choose a verb from the list, use the “Present Perfect” and complete the sentences.

Drink, break, make, phone, clean, arrive, wash.

1. She ___________________ a vase.

2. We ___________________ the room.

3. I _____________________ the beds.

4. He ___________________ his friend.

5. The plane ______________ .

6. They __________________ their hair.

7. You __________________ a glass of Coke.

III. Fill in with “yet”, “ago”, “ever”, “last night”, “for”, “since”.

1. My father went to Spain two days _________ .

2. He has known her ___________ 1999.

3. She hasn’t finished her work ____________.

4. Have you ________ seen an elephant?

5. We went to bed at 10 o"clock ____________.

6. He ahs been in Madrid _____________ ten years.

IV. Make up the questions with how long.

1. I know the Browns.

2. Fred is a teacher.

3. Alice and Ben are married.

4. We are great friends.

5. My husband has a beard.

6. I visited Paris last month.

3.2. Future Perfect Tense

Будущее совершенное время – употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое совершится доопределенного момента в будущем. Future Perfect переводится на русский язык будущим временем глагола совершенного вида .

Ex: We will have translated the article by 5 o"clock.

Мы (уже) переведем статью к пяти часам.

СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

№
п/п

СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ

ПРИМЕР

1

Действие, которое будет завершено до определенного момента в будущем, который определяется обстоятельством времени с by к, до

I"ll have translated this text by 2 o"clock tomorrow. Я переведу этот текст завтра до 2 часов.

2

Действие, которое завершится до другого действия в будущем, выраженного в (c by к, до )

I"ll have written my composition by the time you ring me up. Я напишу сочинение до того, как ты мне позвонишь.

(Таб.1.3.)

Образование форм глагола в Future Perfect

(Таб.1 .4. )

Примечание:

Future Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме будущего времени (will have ) и формы причастия прошедшего (Past Participle ) смыслового глагола или V 3 ;

Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not , которая ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола will + not + have +( Past Participle ) или V 3, краткая форма вспомогательного глагола won "t ;

В вопросительной форме первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим, затем следует 2-ой вспомогательный глагол + Past Participle или V 3 .

Exercises

I . Write the verb in Future Simple, Future Continuous or Future Perfect.

1. I ________ (do) my homework tomorrow.

I _________ (do) my homework at 6 o"clock tomorrow.

I __________ (do) my homework by 6 o"clock tomorrow.

2. When I come home tomorrow, my family _________ (have) supper.

3. Don’t come to my place tomorrow. I _________ (write) a composition the whole evening.

4. How many pages you __________ (read) by 5 o"clock tomorrow?

5. Whom ________________ (visit) you by that time?

II. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

Mara Campos ____________ (to become) a rising star in the Progressive Party. She __________ (to begin) her political career while she _________ (to study) at Woodsville University. When she first _________ (to stand) as a candidate for Woodsville, she ____________ (not/ to win) many votes – Woodsville is a traditional town, and no woman ____________ (ever/ to be) a candidate there before. “They ___________ (to elect) the same man, year after year, “she told me”, and they just ____________ (to laugh) at me when I _________(to get up) to speak”. But she was the winning candidate in the next election, and since then she __________ (to snow) herself to be a hard-hitting speaker who ___________ (never/ to be) afraid to say what she thinks.

In recent months she _________ (to fight) hard to improve the position of women. She told me the reason. “I began this campaign because women _______________

(continually/ to write) to me, complaining of how their husbands ___________ (to treat)them. Sometimes their husbands __________ (to throw) them out of the family home and left them without any possessions. The law always ___________ (to take) the husband"s side in such cases”.

When I __________ (to interview) Maria Campos last week, she __________

(to plan) a new campaign on this question. She _________ (already/ to persuade) some of the country"s most important legal experts to support her. “The law must be changed”, she _________ (to say) to me.

3.3. Past Perfect Tense

Прошедшее совершенное время – употребляется:

● для выражения действия, завершившегося до какого-либо момент или другого действия в прошлом:

Ex: We had translated the article by 5 o"clock.

– Мы (уже) перевели статью к пяти часам.

● в предложениях, в которых одно действие завершилось до другого действия, длящегося в прошлом:

Ex: He had visited his friend and was listening to music when I came.

Он (уже) посетил своего друга и слушал музыку, когда я пришел.

Past Perfect переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем глагола совершенного, а иногдаи несовершенного вида, в зависимости от смысла предложения.

СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ

ПРИМЕР

Действие или состояние, завершившееся до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент определяется либо обстоятельством времени с by к , либо другим действием или состоянием в прошлом, которое произо-шло позже и выражается в

Yesterday by 7 o"clock I had translated the text. Вчера к 7 часам я перевел текст.

I had had breakfast before he came. Я позавтракал до того, как он пришел.

Образование форм глагола в Past Perfect

I had come

Long form

Short form

Had I come?

I had not come

I hadn’t come

You had come

You had not come

You hadn’t come

Had you come?

He had come

He had not come

He hadn’t come

Had he come?

She had come

She had not come

She hadn’t come

Had she come?

It had come

It had not come

It hadn’t come

Had it come?

We had come

We had not come

We hadn’t come

Had we come?

You had come

You had not come

You hadn’t come

Had you come?

They had come

They had not come

They hadn’t come

Had they come?

(Таб.1 .6. )

Примечание:

Past Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме прошедшего времени ( had ) и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle ) смыслового глагола или V 3 ;

Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not , которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола had , затем следует (Past Participle ) смыслового глагола или V 3 ;

В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол had ставится перед подлежащим, затем следует (Past Participle ) смыслового глагола или V 3 .

Exercises

Write the verbs into Past Perfect.

He never … (be) to Oxford before. (Он никогда раньше не был в Оксфорде.)

When I found my camera the butterfly already … (fly away). (Когда я нашел фотоаппарат, бабочка уже улетела.)

Sandra … (suffer) from pneumonia for many years. (Сандра страдала от пневмонии в течение многих лет.)

Tony … (not appear) on TV before that. (Тони никогда раньше не появлялся на ТВ.)

My cousin … (buy) the tickets before we came. (Мой кузен купил билеты до того, как мы пришли.)

I was too tired because my working day … (start) at six. (Я слишком устал, потому что мой рабочий день начался в шесть.)

Find sentences in Past Perfect and translate them.

1) It was my first flight. I had never flown before.___________________________________

2) We’d like to have a party tonight._____________________________________________

3) We arrived at our country house in the evening and found out that somebody had broken into it.__________________________________________________________________

4) When parents came home they saw that their children hadn’t cleaned the flat.
_______________________________________________________________________

5) Tom had just got home when I phoned him.____________________________________

III. Write the verb into Past Simple or Past Perfect.

1. Tom _________ (return) from the cinema by 5 o"clock.

2. When we ________ (come) to the station, the train already __________ (leave).

3. Nick __________ (think) that his father ____________ (not yet come) home.

4. Kate __________ (give) me the book which she _________ (buy) the day before.

5. When I _____________ (wake) up yesterday, mother already __________ (go) to work.

6. All my friends __________ (be) glad to hear that I _________ (pass) all the examinations successfully.

7. During the holidays my friend __________ (visit) the village where he __________

(live) in his childhood.

8. By the time we____________ (come) to see him, he _________ (return) home.